Modern philosophy has tended to treat truth and love as belonging to distinct and even incompatible domains. Truth is assigned to epistemology, governed by propositions, correspondence, and justification. Love is relegated to ethics, psychology, or theology, associated with emotion, value, or faith. This division has had profound consequences. It encourages the view that truth is cold, impersonal, and external, while love is subjective, irrational, or merely expressive. Yet t

Philosophy is often understood as a discipline devoted to constructing and defending theories. In epistemology and metaphysics especially, success is commonly measured by argumentative sophistication, internal coherence, and fidelity to inherited problems. Yet there is another way to evaluate philosophical activity—one that treats philosophy not as a theory-generating enterprise but as a practice subject to diagnosis. From this perspective, the central question is not whether

Philosophical disputes about representation often collapse into a false dilemma. Either the mind mirrors the world through internal representations, or cognition dissolves into an ineffable flux devoid of structure. Both options are unsatisfactory. The first burdens human cognition with metaphysical demands it cannot meet, while the second underestimates the remarkable regularities that make thought, memory, and coordination possible. What is needed is a reframing of what rep

Pragmatism is often described as a philosophy of action, a view according to which ideas acquire meaning through their practical consequences. While this description is not wrong, it is incomplete. It obscures a deeper and older conceptual structure embedded in the very word pragma , a structure that reaches back to Greek thought and only becomes fully articulate in the work of Charles Sanders Peirce. When traced carefully from Greek usage through Kant and into classical prag

One of the most decisive moments in the history of Western thought occurs not with the invention of monotheism, but earlier, with Plato’s reconfiguration of truth itself. What Plato does—detaching truth from practice and anchoring it in a single, timeless, universal order—creates the conceptual architecture without which philosophical monotheism would be impossible. This is not a claim about Plato’s religious intentions. It is a claim about the metaphysical consequences of hi

A persistent assumption in analytic epistemology is that knowledge can be decomposed into independently analyzable components—belief, justification, and truth—and that theoretical progress is best made by isolating these elements and treating them separately. On this view, one may investigate belief without addressing justification, justification without addressing truth, or truth without engaging belief, as though these were detachable modules rather than mutually constituti

The position developed here can be described as an action-first approach to metaphysics. It begins from the claim that philosophy does not originate in abstract reflection, ontological speculation, or epistemic justification, but in situated action under conditions of uncertainty. Organisms must act before they can explain, justify, or represent; coordination and coping precede theory. Psychological regulation emerges to stabilize action, and only at a later, reflective stag

Metaphysics is not first philosophy. Action is.

The intersection of ideal traits and virtues with our perception of beauty invites us to appreciate the depth and diversity of this concept.

Is epistemology more so about ignorance than knowledge?

Justice just isn't really a virtue for social justice warriors.

Is leisure an end in itself?

Did humans invent or discover technology? Or, was technology gifted?

Stoicism serves as a holistic approach to human excellence.

The idea that one can rise from the ashes after experiencing the end of a relationship underscores individual resilience and adaptability.

How can we all be different yet equal?

For humanists, the problem of just how to empathize with someone you passionately hate becomes quite the dilemma.

Traditional portrayals of Justice are meant to serve as an idealization of womanhood.

Pragmatism can provide a coherent and effective superordinate principle that provides a meaningful framework for contemporary life.

The founder of CBT, Aaron T. Beck, was particularly influenced by Stoicism's emphasis on the relationship between thoughts and emotions.